[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/stupnice-bolestivosti-hmyziho-bodnuti\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/stupnice-bolestivosti-hmyziho-bodnuti\/","headline":"Stupnice bolestivosti hmyz\u00edho bodnut\u00ed","name":"Stupnice bolestivosti hmyz\u00edho bodnut\u00ed","description":"\u0158\u00e1d blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00ed (lat. Hymenoptera) se \u0159ad\u00ed do t\u0159\u00eddy hmyzu (lat. Insecta). Z\u00e1stupci tohoto \u0159\u00e1du maj\u00ed dva p\u00e1ry blanit\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddel a pat\u0159\u00ed k nim mravenci, v\u010dely a vosy. Studiem hmyzu se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0159ada entomolog\u016f, jeden z nich je v\u0161ak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 zkoum\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinky hmyz\u00edho jedu na \u010dlov\u011bka. Jedn\u00e1 se o Justina Orvela Smithe, americk\u00e9ho v\u011bdce, kter\u00fd […]","datePublished":"2019-10-21","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/670235c08005d2f1b80a3d56a421809661de47ce0289bd1c93d0120f6ef211a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/670235c08005d2f1b80a3d56a421809661de47ce0289bd1c93d0120f6ef211a4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"mezes.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a356277_w2973_t1570909789.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a356277_w2973_t1570909789.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/stupnice-bolestivosti-hmyziho-bodnuti\/","about":["Zv\u00ed\u0159ata"],"wordCount":589,"articleBody":"\u0158\u00e1d blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00ed (lat. Hymenoptera) se \u0159ad\u00ed do t\u0159\u00eddy hmyzu (lat. Insecta). Z\u00e1stupci tohoto \u0159\u00e1du maj\u00ed dva p\u00e1ry blanit\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddel a pat\u0159\u00ed k nim mravenci, v\u010dely a vosy. Studiem hmyzu se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0159ada entomolog\u016f, jeden z nich je v\u0161ak v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd \u2013 zkoum\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinky hmyz\u00edho jedu na \u010dlov\u011bka. Jedn\u00e1 se o Justina Orvela Smithe, americk\u00e9ho v\u011bdce, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed na Arizonsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b. S\u00e1m o sob\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee se nechal bodnout v\u011bt\u0161inou blanok\u0159\u00eddl\u00fdch a absolvoval v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 r\u016fzn\u011b bolestiv\u00fdch bodnut\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b sv\u00fdch zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed \u017eihadel na vlastn\u00ed organizmus vypracoval Smidtovu stupnici bolestivosti (angl. Schmidt Sting Pain Index), kter\u00e1 rozli\u0161uje \u010dty\u0159i stupn\u011b, a to:
 
 \u00b7 stupe\u0148 1, kdy se jedn\u00e1 o slabou bolest, kter\u00e1 rychle odezn\u00ed
 
 \u00b7 stupe\u0148 2, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje b\u011b\u017enou intenzitu bolesti; do t\u00e9to kategorie spadaj\u00ed nap\u0159. na\u0161e v\u010dely, vosy i sr\u0161n\u011b (bolestivost v\u010del\u00edho bodnut\u00ed byla pro Schmidta v\u00fdchodiskem pro za\u0159azen\u00ed ostatn\u00edch druh\u016f do jednotliv\u00fdch stup\u0148\u016f jeho \u0161k\u00e1ly)
 
 \u00b7 stupe\u0148 3, kdy se jedn\u00e1 u\u017e o silnou bolest; nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1stupci t\u00e9to kategorie jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy vos, nap\u0159. vody \u010deledi kodulkovit\u00fdch, ale tak\u00e9 n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy mravenc\u016f  
 
 \u00b7 stupe\u0148 4, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed ji\u017e extr\u00e9mn\u00ed bolest; podle Smidta pat\u0159\u00ed do t\u00e9to kategorie vosy \u010deledi hrabalkovit\u00fdch, nap\u0159. vosa Hemipepsis ustulata (ang. Tarantula Hawk); Smidt ov\u0161em vytvo\u0159il jakousi podkategorii 4+, kam za\u0159adil tropick\u00e9 mravence Paraponera clavata (angl. Bullet Ant)
 
 
 
 Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dodat, \u017ee a\u010dkoliv je tato stupnice v\u00fdsledkem v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u00e1 p\u0159esto subjektivn\u00ed charakter a \u00fa\u010dinky n\u011bkter\u00fdch bodnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee jin\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk vn\u00edmat s jinou intenzitou. Schmidt zkoumal 78 druh\u016f hmyzu, \u00fa\u010dinky jejich\u017e jedu se sna\u017eil slovn\u011b co nejl\u00e9pe vystihnout. Nap\u0159. v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b hrabalky Hemipepsis ustulata uvedl, \u017ee bolest je prudk\u00e1, oslepuj\u00edc\u00ed a \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem elektrick\u00e1. Pokud jde o mravence Paraponera clavata, p\u0159irovnal jeho bodnut\u00ed k ch\u016fzi po roz\u017ehaven\u00fdch uhl\u00edc\u00edch s h\u0159eb\u00edkem zara\u017een\u00fdm do paty. Bolest je \u010dist\u00e1 a intenzivn\u00ed. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li s t\u011bmito mravenci do kontaktu a za\u017eili jejich bodnut\u00ed, nav\u00edc bolest p\u0159ipodob\u0148uj\u00ed k z\u00e1sahu st\u0159elou (odtud tak\u00e9 anglick\u00fd v\u00fdraz \u201ebullet ant\u201c). Bolest nav\u00edc ani po vyjmut\u00ed zdroje jedu neust\u00e1v\u00e1, ale vrac\u00ed se ve vln\u00e1ch a jej\u00ed \u00fapln\u00e9 odezn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee trvat i v\u00edce ne\u017e 24 hodin. N\u00e1sledky se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b zhor\u0161uj\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na mno\u017estv\u00ed jedu, kter\u00e9mu byl lidsk\u00fd organizmus vystaven.
 
 V t\u00e9to souvislosti lze uv\u00e9st zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad z Braz\u00edlie, kde \u017eije p\u016fvodn\u00ed domorod\u00fd kmen Sater\u00e9-Maw\u00e9, jejich inicia\u010dn\u00ed ritu\u00e1l zahrnuje pr\u00e1v\u011b mravence Paraponera clavata, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nici kmene pochytaj\u00ed a usp\u00ed je v l\u00e1zni se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi druhy bylin. Pot\u00e9 om\u00e1men\u00e9 mravence vpletou do mal\u00fdch roho\u017e\u00ed z list\u016f, \u017eihadly dovnit\u0159. Tyto roho\u017ee pot\u00e9 vlo\u017e\u00ed do l\u00fdkov\u00fdch rukavic. Mlad\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed st\u00e1t bojovn\u00edky, si mus\u00ed rukavice se stovkami ji\u017e probuzen\u00fdch mravenc\u016f nasadit a po dobu p\u011bti minut s nimi pochodovat za zvuk\u016f bubn\u016f. Aby se inicia\u010dn\u00ed ob\u0159ad \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zavr\u0161il, mus\u00ed tuto ag\u00f3nii mlad\u00ed mu\u017ei podstoupit v pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f celkem dvacetkr\u00e1t.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         4.4\/5 - (12 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Stupnice bolestivosti hmyz\u00edho bodnut\u00ed","item":"https:\/\/www.mezes.cz\/stupnice-bolestivosti-hmyziho-bodnuti\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]